geneX is also engineered with SmartPores, which produce a developing macroporosity, drawing in cells and nutrients as the graft is absorbed. Applied as an injectable paste, geneX can be contoured to the surgical site, and sets in-situ at body temperature to an exceptional compressive strength.

ZETA POTENTIAL CONTROL (ZPC™)
The importance of a material’s surface properties in achieving optimal biological activity and bone formation†‡ has been well documented. geneX’s proprietary process of Zeta Potential Control, carefully controls the surface chemistry of the material.

This has been shown to harness a number of key proteins that function as regulatory molecules for bone regeneration, including:
• CBFA1 - An essential transcription factor for Osteoblast differentiation
• Collagen Type 1 - Serves as an anchor for the attachment of bone forming cells
Harnessing these proteins enhances bone cell activity, resulting in accelerated bone growth.

SMARTPORES
geneX possesses two calcium phases which resorb within the defect site at different rates. One calcium phase acts as a nanoporous barrier to soft tissue infiltration, whilst providing soluble calcium ions for bone regeneration.

It's early stage resorption creates a macroporous matrix allowing key cell and nutrient infiltration, whilst exposing the other calcium phase.

This second calcium phase resorbs over several months, whilst hosting trabecular bone formation.

REFERENCES
† Masataka Ohgaki et al, Manipulation of cell proliferation by electrically polarized hydroxyapatite. Key Engineering materials Vols. 218-22. Pages 249-252. (2002)
‡ Heipp PS et al, Osteoblast attachment to titanium surfaces as a function of surface charge, Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery Research, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.